Scott Alexander works through the tools researchers use to investigate what happens inside language models, from linear probes and sparse autoencoders to activation verbalizers and the Jacobian lens. A technical tour of how these methods work, what they reveal, and the questions they leave open.
00:00 Introduction
04:03 Linear Probes
11:46 Sparse Autoencoders
14:56 Activation Verbalizers
18:55 Natural Language Autoencoders
19:28 Emotion Vectors
26:01 The Jacobian Lens
32:19 You Go To War With The Weapons You Have, Not The Weapons You Want
35:27 Outro






